Change to global environment for all pre-auth uses

[trmartin4]

🎟️ Tracking

https://bitwarden.atlassian.net/browse/PM-39218

📔 Objective

In #20495, we moved to use the non-user-scoped globalEnvironment$ on the environment selector, to address a race condition on logout that was preventing the correct environment from being used.

We have observed in subsequent tickets that the same issue is now occurring elsewhere in a pre-authenticated state - components and services that execute before the user has authenticated still rely on environment$, and when that is not present (due to the same race condition as #20495) other downstream issues occur.

⚠️ This puts us in a potential foot-gun situation, as subsequent development could re-introduce this at any time. We have follow-up work carved out to replace environment$ with userEnvironment$(userId), which would force by API that a user be present (aka logged in), but until then we are in a position where this could be re-introduced anywhere beyond the pre-auth boundary.

This PR makes the change to globalEnvironment$ in the following places:

1. Extension, CLI, and desktop SSO login - to determine the correct URL for the redirect to the web vault.
2. WebAuthn and Duo 2FA - to get the correct web vault URL for the connector URL.
3. Login with Device - to get the URL for device management web app link.
4. 2FA component - to get the URL for the 2FA recovery web app link.
5. Self-hosted environment dialog, to set the values on initialization of the component ❗ This is what is broken in the bug being reported today.
6. Registration - to determine the correct URL for registration requests.

📸 Screenshots

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
11.5% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 30.43478% with 16 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 49.27%. Comparing base (3a45a88) to head (cce4ad9).
⚠️ Report is 3 commits behind head on main.
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...bs/common/src/auth/services/account-api.service.ts	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
libs/auth/src/angular/login/login.component.ts	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
libs/auth/src/angular/sso/sso.component.ts	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
apps/cli/src/auth/commands/login.command.ts	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...latform/services/sso-localhost-callback.service.ts	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...a-auth-request/login-via-auth-request.component.ts	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...nv-selector/registration-env-selector.component.ts	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...-dialog/self-hosted-env-config-dialog.component.ts	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...uth-webauthn/two-factor-auth-webauthn.component.ts	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...gular/two-factor-auth/two-factor-auth.component.ts	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
... and 2 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #21350      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   49.27%   49.27%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        4063     4063              
  Lines      127470   127470              
  Branches    19488    19488              
==========================================
- Hits        62816    62813       -3     
- Misses      60000    60003       +3     
  Partials     4654     4654              

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