[WIP] feat(raster): add GDAL-based raster functions

[Kontinuation]

Summary

• Add the full GDAL-backed raster implementation stack, including c/sedona-gdal, rust/sedona-raster-gdal, and the minimal runtime/workspace wiring needed to expose those functions.
• Keep this branch as a work-in-progress aggregation patch so the full surface area can be tested together before splitting it into smaller reviewable PRs.
• Align key shared pieces with main where possible, especially RasterExecutor-related behavior in rust/sedona-raster-functions.

Important

• This PR is not intended to be merged directly.
• It is a work in progress patch containing all GDAL-based functions in one place.
• The plan is to split this into smaller PRs that can be reviewed and merged gradually.