test: add tests for i32 arithmetic intrinsics

[mooori]

Sets up testing of intrinsics by building an executable from MASM that calls the intrinsic to be tested. This is possible now that the toolchain can handle MASM. We then assert that the return values of the intrinsic correspond to the expected result computed natively via Rust.

Motivation

• There is no direct and stable mapping from Rust to MASM intrinsics. For example we proptest Rust's i32::overflowing_mul but the generated MASM does not call the i32::overflowing_mul intrinsic. So Native/MASM divergence for intrinsic i32::overflowing_mul #1161 was discovered only after directly testing proc i32::overflowing_mul here.
• When implementing new intrinsics it can be helpful to test them directly in a simple way.

Implementation details

• One simple test helper is sufficient for all i32.masm intrinsics because
  • All Miden VM inputs/outputs are Felts
  • All Rust inputs are i32 and all outputs are either i32 or can be easily mapped to i32 (e.g. bool becomes either 0i32 or 1i32)
• NumericStrategy has been moved such that it can be used in the existing tests in arithmetic.rs and in the new tests in intrinsics/i32_arithmetic.rs.
  • Existing code was moved without modifications and then a some new Strategy values and NumericStrategy methods were added.
• Tests cases in which the VM is expected to succeed asserting the expected outcome
• Testws cases in which the VM is expected to trap asserting the trap occurs with the expected reason.

Issues discovered by these tests

#1161, #1162, #1163

[greenhat]

Looking good!