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Translate qa-ruby into zh-hans (#700)
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questions/qa-ruby-data/translations.js

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var trans = { }
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trans.versions = ['en']
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trans.versions = ['en', 'zh-hans']
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trans.outofdatetranslations = []
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questions/qa-ruby.en.html

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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Ruby</title>
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<meta name="description" content="What are 'ruby' annotations?" />
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<meta name="description" content="What are 'ruby' annotations?">
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<script>
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var f = { }
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<!--TRANSLATORS must change -en in the line just above to the subtag for their language! -->
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<script src="../javascript/doc-structure/article-2022.js"> </script>
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<script src="../javascript/articletoc-2022.js"></script>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../style/article-2022.css" />
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<link rel="copyright" href="#copyright"/>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="qa-ruby-data/local.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../style/article-2022.css">
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<link rel="copyright" href="#copyright">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="qa-ruby-data/local.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<p>As can be seen in the following example, it is possible to combine both phonetic and semantic ruby for the same run of base text.</p>
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<div class="sidenoteGroup">
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<figure>
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<p style="float: left;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/vertical.png" alt="Vertical Japanese ruby for 振り仮名(ふがな)." style="margin-right: 3em;" /> </p>
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<p style="float: left;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/double-sided.png" alt="Horizontal Japanese ruby for 振り仮名(ふがな)." /> </p>
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<p style="float: left;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/vertical.png" alt="Vertical Japanese ruby for 振り仮名(ふがな)." style="margin-right: 3em;"> </p>
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<p style="float: left;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/double-sided.png" alt="Horizontal Japanese ruby for 振り仮名(ふがな)."> </p>
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<figcaption style="clear:left;">A vertical and a horizontal example of ruby in Japanese.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<!-- For the Japanese examples i used ruby { font-size: 75px; font-family: "ms mincho";} -->
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<p>Although ruby in Japanese is often written in hiragana, you will occasionally find
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annotations in kanji, katakana (particularly in Japanese 'manga' comics) and Latin text.</p>
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<figure><p>
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<img src="qa-ruby-data/mixed-script1.gif" alt="Katakana annotations." style="float:left; margin-right: 2em;" />
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<img src="qa-ruby-data/mixed-script2.gif" alt="Kanji annotations." style="float:left; margin-right: 2em;" />
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<img src="qa-ruby-data/mixed-script3.gif" alt="Latin annotations." style="float:left;" />
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<img src="qa-ruby-data/mixed-script1.gif" alt="Katakana annotations." style="float:left; margin-right: 2em;">
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<img src="qa-ruby-data/mixed-script2.gif" alt="Kanji annotations." style="float:left; margin-right: 2em;">
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<img src="qa-ruby-data/mixed-script3.gif" alt="Latin annotations." style="float:left;">
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</p>
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<figcaption style="clear:both;">Examples of ruby annotations using katakana, kanji, and latin characters.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>In Mainland China, Simplified Chinese characters are typically annotated with pinyin transliterations above or below each character.</p>
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<figure>
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<p><img src="qa-ruby-data/pinyin.png" alt="中国话(zhōng guó huà)" width="263" height="131" /> </p>
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<p><img src="qa-ruby-data/pinyin.png" alt="中国话(zhōng guó huà)" width="263" height="131"> </p>
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<!--p><ruby><rb>中</rb><rt>zhōng</rt><rb>国</rb><rt>guó</rt><rb>话</rb><rt>huà</rt></ruby-->
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<figcaption>Pinyin ruby for Simplified Chinese base text.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>Ruby annotations in Traditional Chinese commonly use <a class="termref" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo">bopomofo</a> characters to indicate pronunciation. Rather than the annotation appearing above the main text, it is included vertically to the right of each character, whether the main text flows
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vertically or horizontally.</p>
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<p>Note, especially, how the tone marks in the example appear to the right of the column of alphabetic bopomofo characters, even though they are not combining characters.</p>
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<figure>
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<!--p><img src="qa-ruby-data/bopomofo.gif" alt="An example of ruby in Traditional Chinese script" width="359" height="115" /> </p-->
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<p style="float: left;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/bopomofo-vertical.gif" alt="Vertical Bopomofo ruby for 第十屆(ㄉㄧˋㄕˊㄐㄧㄝˋ)." style="margin-right: 3em;" /> </p>
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<p style="float: left;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/bopomofo.gif" alt="Horizontal Bopomofo ruby for 第十屆(ㄉㄧˋㄕˊㄐㄧㄝˋ)." /> </p>
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<!--p><img src="qa-ruby-data/bopomofo.gif" alt="An example of ruby in Traditional Chinese script" width="359" height="115"> </p-->
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<p style="float: left;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/bopomofo-vertical.gif" alt="Vertical Bopomofo ruby for 第十屆(ㄉㄧˋㄕˊㄐㄧㄝˋ)." style="margin-right: 3em;"> </p>
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<p style="float: left;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/bopomofo.gif" alt="Horizontal Bopomofo ruby for 第十屆(ㄉㄧˋㄕˊㄐㄧㄝˋ)."> </p>
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<figcaption style="clear:both;">Bopomofo ruby for Traditional Chinese base text.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</section>
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<p>Mono ruby is commonly used for phonetic annotation of text. </p>
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<p>In <dfn id="def_mono_ruby">mono ruby</dfn> the ruby text is positioned alongside a single base character. There is typically no overlap across adjacent base characters, although that and other positional aspects can be tailored using styling. Note how, in the figure below, a single character annotation is typically centred over its base character, leaving a small gap either side of the annotation, and how a three-character annotation forces the base character away from its neighbour to avoid overlapping.</p>
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<figure>
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<p><img src="qa-ruby-data/mono.png" alt="Japanese mono ruby for 茅場町(かやばちょう)." /></p>
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<p><img src="qa-ruby-data/mono.png" alt="Japanese mono ruby for 茅場町(かやばちょう)."></p>
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<figcaption style="clear:left;">Mono ruby in Japanese.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>You can break a word that uses mono ruby at any point, and the ruby text stays with its base character.</p>
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<h3>Group ruby</h3>
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<p><dfn id="def_group_ruby">Group ruby</dfn> is used where phonetic annotations don’t map to discreet base characters, or for semantic glosses that span the whole base text. The figure below shows an example of a Japanese word for which each individual base character has no independent pronunciation. The annotation applies to both base characters as a single unit.</p>
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<figure>
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<p><img src="qa-ruby-data/group.png" alt="Japanese group ruby for 今日(きょう)." /></p>
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<p><img src="qa-ruby-data/group.png" alt="Japanese group ruby for 今日(きょう)."></p>
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<figcaption style="clear:left;">Group ruby in Japanese.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>You can’t split text that is annotated with group ruby. It has to wrap as a single unit onto the next line.</p>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><cite><a href="http://r12a.github.io/scripts/bopomofo/ontheweb">Bopomofo on the Web</a></cite></p>
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<p><cite><a href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/bopomofo/ontheweb">Bopomofo on the Web</a></cite></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Related links, <cite>Authoring web pages</cite></p>

questions/qa-ruby.zh-hans.html

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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh-hans">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>行间注(Ruby)</title>
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<meta name="description" content="什么是行间注?">
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<script>
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var f = { }
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// AUTHORS should fill in these assignments:
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f.directory = 'questions'+'/' // the path to this file, not including /International or the file name
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f.filename = 'qa-ruby' // the file name WITHOUT extensions
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f.authors = 'Richard Ishida, W3C' // author(s) and affiliations
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f.previousauthors = '' // as above
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f.modifiers = '' // people making substantive changes, and their affiliation
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f.searchString = 'qa-ruby' // blog search string - usually the filename without extensions
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f.firstPubDate = '2005-07-21' // date of the first publication of the document (after review)
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f.lastSubstUpdate = { date:'2016-02-10', time:'15:23'} // date and time of latest substantive changes to this document
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f.status = 'published' // should be one of draft, review, published, notreviewed or obsolete
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f.path = '../' // what you need to prepend to a URL to get to the /International directory
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// AUTHORS AND TRANSLATORS should fill in these assignments:
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f.thisVersion = { date:'2025-06-27', time:'15:23'} // date and time of latest edits to this document/translation
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f.contributors = '' // people providing useful contributions or feedback during review or at other times
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f.sources = 'Some of the text related to jukugo ruby is taken from the blog post <cite><a href="https://r12a.github.io/blog/201002.html#20100924">What\'s so difficult about jukugo ruby?</a></cite>' // describes sources of information
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// also make sure that the lang attribute on the html tag is correct!
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// TRANSLATORS should fill in these assignments:
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f.translators = '薛富侨' // translator(s) and their affiliation - a elements allowed, but use double quotes for attributes
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f.breadcrumb = 'markup'
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f.additionalLinks = ''
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</script>
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<script src="qa-ruby-data/translations.js"> </script>
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<script src="../javascript/doc-structure/article-dt.js"> </script>
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<script src="../javascript/boilerplate-text/boilerplate-zh-hans.js"> </script>
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<!--TRANSLATORS must change -en in the line just above to the subtag for their language! -->
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<script src="../javascript/doc-structure/article-2022.js"> </script>
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<script src="../javascript/articletoc-2022.js"></script>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../style/article-2022.css">
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<link rel="copyright" href="#copyright">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="qa-ruby-data/local.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<header>
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<nav id="mainNavigation"></nav><script>document.getElementById('mainNavigation').innerHTML = mainNavigation</script>
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<h1>什么是行间注?</h1>
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</header>
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<div id="audience">
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<div id="updateInfo"></div><script>document.getElementById('updateInfo').innerHTML = g.updated</script>
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</div>
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<section id="question">
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<h2>问题</h2>
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<p class="question">什么是行间注(ruby)?</p>
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</section>
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<section id="nutshell">
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<h2 id="quickanswer">简要回答</h2>
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<p><dfn id="def_ruby">行间注</dfn>(ruby)是标注在字词旁侧的小字号补充文本。这对日文和其他东亚文字内容特别有用(行间注在日文中也叫振假名)。</p>
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<p>HTML规范提供了标记行间注的方法,CSS可用于微调行间注的位置。</p>
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</section>
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<section id="detail">
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<h2>详细信息</h2>
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<p><span class="qterm">ruby</span>这个名称源于英国排字工使用的一种字号(约为正常10磅字体的一半)。</p>
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<p>通常,行间注在东亚文字中用于为生僻字进行标音,为读者不熟悉的字(如儿童或学习书写的外国人)或具有多种读音且无法通过上下文确定的字(如一些日文姓名)提供注音。比如,行间注广泛用于教育材料和儿童读物中。</p>
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<p>行间注偶尔也用于传达表意字符的含义信息。</p>
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<p>在日文中,行间注通常称为振假名,标音通常以平假名的形式出现,在横排文本的上方,直排文本的右侧。</p>
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<p>在用于表达语义信息的罕见情况下,日文行间注可以出现在横排文本的下方,直排文本的左侧。</p>
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<p>如下例所示,可以为同一段基文同时标注音和义的行间注。</p>
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<div class="sidenoteGroup">
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<figure>
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<p style="float: left;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/vertical.png" alt="直排下的日文行间注" style="margin-right: 3em;"> </p>
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<p style="float: left;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/double-sided.png" alt="横排下的日文行间注"> </p>
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<figcaption style="clear:left;">日文中直排和横排行间注的示例</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<!-- For the Japanese examples i used ruby { font-size: 75px; font-family: "ms mincho";} -->
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<div class="sideinfonote">
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<p class="info">示例中的行间注显示为红色仅是为了引起你的注意——行间注通常与基文颜色相同。</p></div>
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</div>
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<p>尽管日文中的行间注通常用平假名书写,但偶尔也会有汉字、片假名(特别是在日文漫画中)和拉丁字母的行间注。</p>
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<figure><p>
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<img src="qa-ruby-data/mixed-script1.gif" alt="片假名注释" style="float:left; margin-right: 2em;">
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<img src="qa-ruby-data/mixed-script2.gif" alt="汉字注释" style="float:left; margin-right: 2em;">
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<img src="qa-ruby-data/mixed-script3.gif" alt="拉丁字母注释" style="float:left;">
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</p>
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<figcaption style="clear:both;">使用片假名、汉字和拉丁字母的行间注示例。</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>在中国大陆,通常在每个字的上方或下方标注拼音。</p>
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<figure>
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<p><img src="qa-ruby-data/pinyin.png" alt="中国话(zhōng guó huà)" width="263" height="131"> </p>
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<!--p><ruby><rb>中</rb><rt>zhōng</rt><rb>国</rb><rt>guó</rt><rb>话</rb><rt>huà</rt></ruby-->
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<figcaption>简体中文的拼音标音</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>繁体中文中的行间注通常使用<a class="termref" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F">注音符号</a>来标注发音。无论基文是直排还是横排,注音符号都出现在每个字的右侧。</p>
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<p>注意:虽然声调符号不是组合字符,但它们出现在注音符号列的右侧。</p>
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<figure>
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<!--p><img src="qa-ruby-data/bopomofo.gif" alt="An example of ruby in Traditional Chinese script" width="359" height="115"> </p-->
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<p style="float: left;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/bopomofo-vertical.gif" alt="第十屆(ㄉㄧˋㄕˊㄐㄧㄝˋ)在直排下的行间注" style="margin-right: 3em;"> </p>
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<p style="float: left;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/bopomofo.gif" alt="第十屆(ㄉㄧˋㄕˊㄐㄧㄝˋ)在横排下的行间注"> </p>
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<figcaption style="clear:both;">繁体中文基文的行间注</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</section>
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<section id="types">
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<h2>行间注的分类</h2>
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<p><cite><a href="#endlinks">日文排版需求</a></cite>文档描述了行间注的三种不同行为方式。</p>
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<section id="mono">
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<h3>单字行间注</h3>
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<p>单字行间注(mono ruby)通常用于文本的标音。</p>
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<p><dfn id="def_mono_ruby">单字行间注</dfn>中,行间注位于单个基文汉字旁。在这种情况下,一般不会注文通常不会跨越到相邻汉字旁,尽管这可以通过样式进行调整。请注意,在下图中,单个汉字的注文通常在其基文字符上方居中,在注文两侧留出小间隙,而三个字符的注文会强制基文汉字与其邻字拉开一些距离。</p>
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<figure>
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<p><img src="qa-ruby-data/mono.png" alt="茅場町(かやばちょう)的单字行间注"></p>
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<figcaption style="clear:left;">日文中的单字行间注</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>你可以在任何地方拆分使用单字行间注的词,行间注会与其基文汉字保持在一起。</p>
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</section>
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<section id="group">
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<h3>分词连写行间注</h3>
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<p><dfn id="def_group_ruby">分词连写行间注</dfn>(group ruby)用于发音无法对应到单个基文汉字的情况,或用于跨越整个基文的语义性注释。下图显示了一个日文词的示例,基文中的每个汉字都没有独立的发音。注文作为一个整体应用于两个基文汉字。</p>
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<figure>
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<p><img src="qa-ruby-data/group.png" alt="今日(きょう)的分词连写行间注"></p>
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<figcaption style="clear:left;">日文中的分词连写行间注</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>换行时,使用分词连写行间注的文本不能拆分,必须作为一个整体换行。</p>
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</section>
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<section id="jukugo">
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<h3>熟语行间注</h3>
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<p><dfn id="def_jukugo">熟语</dfn>指的是日文复合名词,即由多个汉字组成的词,如<span lang="ja">調理師</span>(厨师)。</p>
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<p><dfn id="def_jukugo_ruby">熟语行间注</dfn>是一个术语,用于描述有时表现得像分词连写行间注,有时表现得像单字行间注的注释。我们会详细描述熟语行间注,因为人们经常不太理解这种行间注。</p>
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<p>熟语行间注的行为类似于单字行间注,因为注文和与单个基文汉字之间存在强关联。当你在行末拆分一个词时,这一点会变得清楚:你会看到行间注被拆分,使得注释特定基文汉字的注文与该汉字保持在一起。熟语行间注的不同之处在于,当词在行末<strong>没被拆分</strong>时,注文可能延伸至相邻基文汉字旁。</p>
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<figure style="float:right; margin-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="qa-ruby-data/jukugo1.png" alt="行间注示例">
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<figcaption style="width: 242px;">熟语行间注</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>右侧的图片包含三个熟语行间注的示例。</p>
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<p>在前两个示例中,效果与单字行间注相同,因为没有基文汉字和与该汉字无关的注文重叠。</p>
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<p>第三个例子显示出了<span class="qterm">熟语行间注</span>的差异。注文的前三个字符与第一个汉字相关联,最后一个注文字符与第二个汉字相关联。然而注文却在两个汉字上均匀分布。</p>
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<p>但是请注意(这是一个重要的区别!),我们并不是像分词连写行间注那样简单地将注文分布到整个词上,而是有具体的规则,在某些情况下会出现间隙。请看以下熟语行间注分布的示例:</p>
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<figure>
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<img src="qa-ruby-data/jukugo2.png" style="margin:auto;" alt="各种熟语行间注示例。">
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<figcaption>熟语行间注的分布,在某些地方显示间隙。</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>还要注意,如果第三个词在行末被拆分,使第二个汉字移动到下一行,只有最后一个平假名字符会随之移动,所以还是看起来像单字行间注。</p>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id="endlinks">
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<h2>延伸阅读</h2>
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<aside class="section" id="survey"> </aside><script>document.getElementById('survey').innerHTML = g.survey</script>
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<ul id="full-links">
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<li>
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<p><cite>日文排版需求</cite></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/TR/jlreq/#ruby_and_emphasis_dots">行间注与着重号的处理</a></li>
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<li><a href="/TR/jlreq/#positioning_of_jukugoruby">熟语行间注的排版</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><cite><a href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/bopomofo/ontheweb">Web上的注音符号</a></cite></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><cite>制作网页</cite></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/International/techniques/authoring-html#ruby">使用ruby标记</a></li>
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<li><a href="/International/techniques/authoring-html#rubystyle">设计行间注样式</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<footer id="thefooter"></footer><script>document.getElementById('thefooter').innerHTML = g.bottomOfPage</script>
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<script>completePage()</script>
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</body>
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</html>

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