diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 2d446e8a..584da151 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -24,4 +24,6 @@ uv.lock
 
 # Claude Code artifacts
 CLAUDE.md
-.claude/
\ No newline at end of file
+.claude/.worktrees/
+.worktrees/
+.worktrees/
diff --git a/causalml/metrics/sensitivity.py b/causalml/metrics/sensitivity.py
index 3bd186d2..c8f90092 100644
--- a/causalml/metrics/sensitivity.py
+++ b/causalml/metrics/sensitivity.py
@@ -278,11 +278,10 @@ def sensitivity_estimate(self):
         Returns:
             (pd.DataFrame): a summary dataframe
         """
-        num_rows = self.df.shape[0]
-
         X = self.df[self.inference_features].values
         p = self.df[self.p_col].values
-        treatment_new = np.random.randint(2, size=num_rows)
+        treatment = self.df[self.treatment_col].values
+        treatment_new = np.random.permutation(treatment)
         y = self.df[self.outcome_col].values
 
         ate_new, ate_new_lower, ate_new_upper = self.get_ate_ci(X, p, treatment_new, y)
diff --git a/tests/test_sensitivity.py b/tests/test_sensitivity.py
index 7c0b0248..4062758e 100644
--- a/tests/test_sensitivity.py
+++ b/tests/test_sensitivity.py
@@ -104,6 +104,34 @@ def test_SensitivityPlaceboTreatment():
     print(sens_summary)
 
 
+def test_SensitivityPlaceboTreatment_string_labels():
+    y, X, treatment, tau, b, e = synthetic_data(
+        mode=1, n=100000, p=NUM_FEATURES, sigma=1.0
+    )
+
+    # Convert binary treatment to string labels
+    treatment_str = np.where(treatment == 1, "treatment1", "control")
+
+    INFERENCE_FEATURES = ["feature_" + str(i) for i in range(NUM_FEATURES)]
+    df = pd.DataFrame(X, columns=INFERENCE_FEATURES)
+    df[TREATMENT_COL] = treatment_str
+    df[OUTCOME_COL] = y
+    df[SCORE_COL] = e
+
+    learner = BaseXLearner(LinearRegression(), control_name="control")
+    sens = SensitivityPlaceboTreatment(
+        df=df,
+        inference_features=INFERENCE_FEATURES,
+        p_col=SCORE_COL,
+        treatment_col=TREATMENT_COL,
+        outcome_col=OUTCOME_COL,
+        learner=learner,
+    )
+
+    sens_summary = sens.summary(method="Placebo Treatment")
+    print(sens_summary)
+
+
 def test_SensitivityRandomCause():
     y, X, treatment, tau, b, e = synthetic_data(
         mode=1, n=100000, p=NUM_FEATURES, sigma=1.0